Solutions+and+Solubility


 * Solutions** are homogeneous mixtures of two or more than two substances. Solutions can be in solid, liquid and gas phases. Solutions have two components, the solute and the solvent. The **solvent** is the part of the solution that does the dissolving, and the part of the solution being dissolved by the solvent is called the **solute**. For example, in water sugar solution, water is the solvent that dissolves sugar and sugar is the solute that is dissolved in water.


 * Solvation** is the process of the solvent breaking down the solute crystal (**dissolution**).
 * Types of Solvation:**
 * 1) Ionic Solvation:** If solvent decomposes into its ions, we call these solutions **ionic solutions**. Acids, bases and salts produce ionic solutions. Since these solutions include ions, they conduct electricity and are referred to as electrolytes
 * 2) Molecular Solvation:** If matter decomposes into its molecules, we call these solutions **molecular solutions**. Dissolution of sugar in water is an example of molecular solvation. Since there is no ion in structure of these solutions, they do not conduct electricity.

We can classify solutions according to their saturation ratio by using the following vocabulary:
 * 1) Saturated Solutions:** If a solution dissolves the maximum amount of solute at specific temperature, then we call them saturated solutions.
 * 2) Unsaturated Solutions:** If solutions can solve more solute at specific temperature, then we call them unsaturated solutions. If you vaporize some of the solvent or add some solute you can make them saturated solutions.
 * 3) Supersaturated Solutions:** If solutions contain more solute than its capacity, we call these solutions supersaturated solutions. We prepare them by heating solution and adding solute, after that we slowly cool the supersaturated solution. You can observe crystallization of solute in supersaturated solutions.

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