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When an atom gains energy, the electrons move from ground state to an excited state. When the electrons fall back to the ground state from the excited state, energy is released and therefore gives off light. Each element and compound emits a distinct color. As electrons are heated in a flame and gain energy, they move from the ground state to the excited state. The colored light is emitted when the electrons cool and lose energy, falling back to the ground state. The color of the emitted light can be used to identify the substance.

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